الإنتهاكات الفاضحة ضد القانون الإنسانى الدولى والقانون الدولى لحقوق الإنسان - الجماعات الإسلامية المتطرفة بما فيها كتائب البراءة بن مالك من جهة وقوات الدعم السريع من جهة اخرى وذلك منذ 15 إبريل 2023م وحت كتابة هذا التقرير - ملخص الكرتى

 

 Impact of hostilities on civilians

 Conduct of hostilities

 Both parties carried out indiscriminate attacks in densely populated areas, used residential areas for military purposes, and used explosive weapons with wide-area effect, including missiles fired from fighter jets, uncrewed aerial vehicles, tanks, mortars, anti-aircraft weapons, and artillery shells.

 On 15 April, Sudanese Armed Forces fighter jets reportedly fired four missiles toward a Rapid Support Forces clinic in the Hijraa area of the Shambat neighborhood, Khartoum-North. Rapid Support Forces fighters fled the clinic after the first missile, taking shelter in the surrounding buildings. At least 15 civilians in nearby houses were reportedly killed. On 22 April, Sudanese Armed Forces jets fired two missiles at Rapid Support Forces vehicles north of Shambat Bridge, which links Khartoum-North and Omdurman city. The rockets hit some vehicles while the occupants of the remaining cars took refuge in the nearby Souq Al-Markzi (Central Market) close to Al-Halfya Bridge. Shortly after, four missiles were fired by the Sudanese Armed Forces towards Souq Al-Markzi, killing at least 30 civilians, including women and children.

 On 7 June, Sudanese Armed Forces jets reportedly launched four missiles at Rapid Support Forces positions in the Al-Hella Al-Jadida area, west of the Dar El-Salam neighborhood, Omdurman. The rockets allegedly exploded in the busy Al-Muwaliah livestock market, killing at least ten civilians, including five from the same family, and at least 80 livestock. No warning had reportedly been given. On 10 September, at least 40 civilians were allegedly killed and many others injured in airstrikes believed to have been launched by the Sudanese Armed Forces against Rapid Support Forces positions in the vicinity of Kourou Market, Janoub Al-Hizam, Khartoum.

 On 28 September, at least ten civilians were reportedly killed when shells fired by the Rapid Support Forces landed on a public transportation station in the Al-Jarafah area of Karrari, Omdurman. The Sudanese Armed Forces had reportedly taken positions in the Al-Jarafah area.

 The Kordofan region has seen intense fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces, who have taken control of most of West Kordofan State, including oil fields, up to the Abyei box, since mid-September. The Sudan People’s Liberation Movement–North (SPLM-N) Al Hilu has clashed with the Sudanese Armed Forces since the end of May and seized control of six localities in South Kordofan. OHCHR documented the killing of over 300 civilians and the injury of more than 800 others by both parties in the Kordofan region as a result of the clashes. Public and private property were looted and destroyed.

  by the end of November, the Rapid Support Forces controlled four of the five Darfur States in Darfur. In Nyala and Zalingei, South and Central Darfur, indiscriminate shelling of residential neighborhoods by both parties has resulted in hundreds of civilian casualties. On 22 August, at least 26 civilians, mostly women and children, were killed while sheltering under a bridge by shells reportedly fired by the Sudanese Armed Forces. In Zalingei, dozens of internally displaced persons were reportedly killed between 14 and 17 September when the Hasahisaa camp for internally displaced persons, close to the Sudanese Armed Forces base, was hit by Rapid Support Forces shells.

 The incidents highlighted above raise serious concerns about the parties' adherence to the conflict to the international humanitarian law principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution in their military operations.

  Attacks on specially protected objects

 As of 15 December, the World Health Organization recorded 60 attacks on health facilities[1]. For example, a witness stated that on 30 April, the Rapid Support Forces took control of the East Nile hospital East of Khartoum, forcing patients and medical workers to evacuate the facility. On 15 May, the Sudanese Armed Forces carried out, without prior warning, an airstrike on the hospital. A missile hit the generator’s fuel container, resulting in a fire that caused significant damage. At least four women selling tea in front of the hospital and a rickshaw driver were reportedly killed.

 On 1 June, the Rapid Support Forces fired two artillery shells at the Libya Souq in the Hamd Al Nile area of Omdurman, killing at least 15 people, including seven to nine children and three older men, who were praying in a mosque in the Souq. There were reportedly no Sudanese Armed Forces soldiers in the mosque and no warning before the attack, raising concerns about the failure of the Rapid Support Forces to direct their attacks against military objectives only and take all feasible precautions to avoid and to minimize, incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians and damage to civilian objects.

 On 6 November, the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Omdurman was hit by an artillery shell allegedly fired by the Sudanese Armed Forces, resulting in its destruction. The Rapid Support Forces had reportedly taken over five evangelical church sites in Khartoum State.

Use of human shields

 The Rapid Support Forces adopted a strategy of taking over residential buildings and, in some instances, placing civilians in open areas close to their sites, including for purposes of shielding themselves from attacks by the Sudanese Armed Forces.

  On 23 April, a civilian man was taken from the street in the Al-Haj Yousif area of East Nile, East Khartoum, with five others and detained in a building in the Kafouri area in Khartoum-North with around 30 others for more than three weeks. He reported that the 35 persons arbitrarily deprived of liberty were forcibly placed by the Rapid Support Forces on the street close to the building for at least six hours over four days. They were informed that this would deter the Sudanese Armed Forces from launching airstrikes on the building. Another victim and three friends, arrested on 22 April by the Rapid Support Forces in Souq Sita in the Al-Haj Yousif district of East Nile, were taken to the Kober area in Khartoum-North and arbitrarily deprived of liberty in a building, together with 35 others for nearly 25 days. On one occasion, the 39 persons arbitrarily deprived of liberty were placed in an open area close to the building as Sudanese Armed Forces fighter jets were flying over Khartoum. This would constitute a violation of the prohibition on the use of human shields and would amount to a war crime.